Commander in chief of military2/19/2024 ![]() ![]() On 21 February 1660, the reconstituted Long Parliament resolved "that General George Monck be constituted and appointed Captain-General and Commander in Chief, under Parliament, of all the Land-Forces of England, Scotland and Ireland". Cromwell held the office until 1653, when he was elected Lord Protector. Under Cromwell, the Commander-in-Chief was de facto head of state, especially after the dismissal of the Long Parliament. Oliver Cromwell, Fairfax's Lieutenant-General, succeeded him as Commander-in-chief of the Forces. In 1650, Fairfax resigned his post, shortly before the Scottish campaign of the War. None of his successors would use this title. Thomas Fairfax was the senior-most military officer, having no superior, and held great personal control over the army and its officers. In 1645, after the outbreak of the English Civil War, Parliament appointed Thomas Fairfax "Captain General and Commander-in-Chief of all the armies and forces raised and to be raised within the Commonwealth of England". ![]() In earlier times, supreme command of the Army had been exercised by the monarch in person. In 1904 the office was replaced with the creation of the Army Council and the appointment of Chief of the General Staff. The Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, later Commander-in-Chief, British Army, or just the Commander-in-Chief ( C-in-C), was (intermittently) the professional head of the English Army from 1660 to 1707 (the English Army, founded in 1645, was succeeded in 1707 by the new British Army, incorporating existing Scottish regiments) and of the British Army from 1707 until 1904. ![]()
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